Machu Picchu

Once thought to be Vilcabamba, the lost city of the Incas, but archeological evidence points toward Machu Picchu as a country retreat town for the Inca nobility.  The site features a large palace and various temples to Inca deities around a main courtyard, with various other buildings for support staff. Other possible explanations have interpreted the site as a small agricultural station, an observatory, or even (though unlikely) a rather large nunnery.

Dominating most overviews of the site is a sugarloaf peak called Huayna Picchu (also known as "the hitching post of the sun").